🇵🇱 年度合规 — Poland

Assuming the 9% CIT rate applies to all companies regardless of size

Fix: The 9% rate is only for "small taxpayers" with annual gross revenue (including VAT) below PLN 9.218 million (~€2 million) and for newly formed companies in their first tax year. Once you exceed this threshold, the standard 19% rate applies. Model your projections with both rates and plan for the transition.

Using S24 online registration when the business needs customised shareholder agreements

Fix: The S24 portal uses a rigid, standardised template that does not allow for tag-along/drag-along clauses, vesting schedules, or non-standard share classes. If your company has multiple founders or investors, use the traditional notarial route to create bespoke articles of association that protect all parties.

Overlooking management board personal liability for late insolvency filing

Fix: Polish law (Art. 299 of the Commercial Companies Code) makes board members personally liable for all company debts if they do not file for insolvency within 30 days of insolvency. Monitor cash flow closely, understand the legal definition of insolvency (inability to pay debts as they fall due for at least 3 months, or liabilities exceeding assets for 24 months), and seek legal advice immediately if financial difficulties arise.

Neglecting to register as an active VAT payer before issuing invoices with VAT

Fix: A newly registered Sp. z o.o. is not automatically an active VAT payer. You must submit a VAT-R registration form to the tax office before you can charge and reclaim VAT. Issuing VAT invoices without active registration can result in penalties and the inability to recover input VAT.